English-Only School Law (Act 57)
On June 8, 1896, the Republic of Hawaiʻi enacted Act 57, making English 'the medium and basis of instruction in all public and private schools.' Though it did not criminalize Hawaiian outright, it drove ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi from the schools — fluent speakers fell to roughly 2,000 by 1978. The Hawaiʻi Legislature formally apologized for the law in 2022.